Human astroviruses: in silico analysis of the untranslated region and putative binding sites of cellular proteins.

Human astrovirus (HAstV) constitutes a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children. The viral 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTR) have been involved in the regulation of several molecular mechanisms. However, in astrovirues have been less characterized. Here, we analyzed the secondary structures of the 5' and 3' UTR of HAstV, as well as their putative target sites that might be recognized by cellular factors. To our knowledge, this is the first bioinformatic analysis that predicts the HAstV 5' UTR secondary structure. The analysis showed that both the UTR sequence and secondary structure are highly conserved in all HAstVs analyzed, suggesting their regulatory role of viral activities. Notably, the UTRs of HAstVs contain putative binding sites for the serine/arginine-rich factors SRSF2, SRSF5, SRSF6, SRSF3, and the multifunctional hnRNPE2 protein. More importantly, putative binding sites for PTB were localized in single-stranded RNA sequences, while hnRNPE2 sites were localized in double-stranded sequence of the HAstV 5' and 3' UTR structures. These analyses suggest that the combination of SRSF proteins, hnRNPE2 and PTB described here could be involved in the maintenance of the secondary structure of the HAstVs, possibly allowing the recruitment of the replication complex that selects and recruits viral RNA replication templates.

Farmacogenómica y farmacogenética, una visión molecular para la individualidad morbosa y medicamentosa / Pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics, molecular vision for drug morbosa and individuality

El conocimiento basado en la individualidad ha logrado la curación permanente de los pacientes que han elegido tratar sus padecimientos con el sistema homeopático. El doctor Samuel Federico Hahnemann describió el principio de la individualidad como parte fundamental del correcto ejercicio de la terapéutica homeopática. Por muchos años la medicina alopática ignoró a la individualidad, proponiendo que un fármaco actuaría de la misma forma en todos los pacientes. Actualmente, gracias a la biomedicina molecular ha surgido la farmacogenética, área que estudia la respuesta farmacológica del individuo de acuerdo con su genotipo. Su objetivo es optimizar el tratamiento a nivel individual y transitar hacia una terapia personalizada más segura y eficiente que permita al clínico seleccionar el fármaco correcto, así como la dosis adecuada para el paciente indicado. Los avances de la farmacogenética y la farmacogenómica son, sin lugar a dudas, avances en el soporte científico de la Homeopatía. (AU)

The homeopathic knowledge based on individuality, has achieved permanent cure for patients who have chosen to treat their ailments with it. Dr. Samuel Frederick Hahnemann described the principle of Individuality as a fundamental principle of Homeopathic Therapeutics practice. For many years allopathic medicine ignored individuality holding that a drug would act in the same way in all patients. Today, thanks to Molecular Biomedicine, Pharmacogenetics has emerged, thus studying the pharmacological response of the individual based on genotype. It aims to optimize individual treatment, goes to a personalized therapy safer and more efficient to allow clinicians to select the proper drug, at the adequate dose, for the right patient. Advances in Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics are undoubtedly, advances in scientific support of Homeopathy. (AU)

Farmacogenómica y farmacogenética, una visión molecular para la individualidad morbosa y medicamentosa / Pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics, molecular vision for drug morbosa and individuality

El conocimiento basado en la individualidad ha logrado la curación permanente de los pacientes que han elegido tratar sus padecimientos con el sistema homeopático. El doctor Samuel Federico Hahnemann describió el principio de la individualidad como parte fundamental del correcto ejercicio de la terapéutica homeopática. Por muchos años la medicina alopática ignoró a la individualidad, proponiendo que un fármaco actuaría de la misma forma en todos los pacientes. Actualmente, gracias a la biomedicina molecular ha surgido la farmacogenética, área que estudia la respuesta farmacológica del individuo de acuerdo con su genotipo. Su objetivo es optimizar el tratamiento a nivel individual y transitar hacia una terapia personalizada más segura y eficiente que permita al clínico seleccionar el fármaco correcto, así como la dosis adecuada para el paciente indicado. Los avances de la farmacogenética y la farmacogenómica son, sin lugar a dudas, avances en el soporte científico de la Homeopatía.

The homeopathic knowledge based on individuality, has achieved permanent cure for patients who have chosen to treat their ailments with it. Dr. Samuel Frederick Hahnemann described the principle of Individuality as a fundamental principle of Homeopathic Therapeutics practice. For many years allopathic medicine ignored individuality holding that a drug would act in the same way in all patients. Today, thanks to Molecular Biomedicine, Pharmacogenetics has emerged, thus studying the pharmacological response of the individual based on genotype. It aims to optimize individual treatment, goes to a personalized therapy safer and more efficient to allow clinicians to select the proper drug, at the adequate dose, for the right patient. Advances in Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics are undoubtedly, advances in scientific support of Homeopathy.

En busca de la explicación de la homeopatía / In search of an explanation of homeopathy

En años recientes ha existido una demanda cada vez mayor de evidencia científica acerca de la Homeopatía. Varias hipótesis se han propuesto para explicarla en términos físicos y químicos. Publicaciones científicas recientes sugieren algunos posibles caminos para validar la realidad de toda una nueva clase de fenómenos fisicoquímicos relacionados con el agua. Este artículo intenta introducir algunas ideas para explicar este tema. (AU)

In recent years there has been an increasing demand for scientific evidenceabout homeopathy. Various hypotheses have been put forward to explain it in terms of conventional physics and chemistry. Recent scientific publications suggest some possible ways to validate the reality of a whole new class of physicochemical new phenomena concerning water. This paper makes an attempt to introduce some explanatory ideas about this item. (AU)

En busca de la explicación de la homeopatía / In search of an explanation of homeopathy

En años recientes ha existido una demanda cada vez mayor de evidencia científica acerca de la Homeopatía. Varias hipótesis se han propuesto para explicarla en términos físicos y químicos. Publicaciones científicas recientes sugieren algunos posibles caminos para validar la realidad de toda una nueva clase de fenómenos fisicoquímicos relacionados con el agua. Este artículo intenta introducir algunas ideas para explicar este tema.

In recent years there has been an increasing demand for scientific evidenceabout homeopathy. Various hypotheses have been put forward to explain it in terms of conventional physics and chemistry. Recent scientific publications suggest some possible ways to validate the reality of a whole new class of physicochemical new phenomena concerning water. This paper makes an attempt to introduce some explanatory ideas about this item.

Expression of EhRAD54, EhRAD51, and EhBLM proteins during DNA repair by homologous recombination in Entamoeba histolytica.

Entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan responsible for human amoebiasis, exhibits a great genome plasticity that is probably related to homologous recombination events. It contains the RAD52 epistasis group genes, including Ehrad51 and Ehrad54, and the Ehblm gene, which are key homologous recombination factors in other organisms. Ehrad51 and Ehrad54 genes are differentially transcribed in trophozoites when DNA double-strand breaks are induced by ultraviolet-C irradiation. Moreover, the EhRAD51 recombinase is overexpressed at 30 min in the nucleus. Here, we extend our analysis of the homologous recombination mechanism in E. histolytica by studying EhRAD51, EhRAD54, and EhBLM expression in response to DNA damage. Bioinformatic analyses show that EhRAD54 has the molecular features of homologous proteins, indicating that it may have similar functions. Western blot assays evidence the differential expression of EhRAD51, EhRAD54, and EhBLM at different times after DNA damage, suggesting their potential roles in the different steps of homologous recombination in this protozoan.